Neuroimmunology is a rapidily expanding field aimed to define the pathogenic mechanisms underlying immune-mediated pathologies of the central and peripheral nervous system. The final goal is to define new targets to establish efficient therapeutic approaches. Neuroimmunology can be considered, bona fide, a translational field of research owing to its ability to study molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms, to establish animal model to in vivo test pathogenic hypotheses and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Our unit is mainly devoted to the study of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying autoimmune pathologies of the nervous system (eg. multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, stiff-person syndrome) and in particular to study the role of soluble (i.e. cytokines and chemokines) and cellular (T cells, B cells, NKT cells) immunological mediators in order to define new targets to challenge with novel immunologically-based therapeutic strategies. At present, the final goal of the unit is to establish new gene and cellular therapies able to prevent the autoimmune damage (immunomodulatory therapies) of the nervous system or to repair (neuroprotective therapies) the nervous system when it is already damaged.